what lab tests for diabetes How to read a diabetes lab report
Managing Diabetes Related Stroke through Understanding Lab Reports
Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are common among people with untreated diabetes. If left unchecked, diabetes can cause severe complications such as nerve damage, blindness, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease. So if you have diabetes or know someone who does, it is imperative to understand how laboratory reports on this disease will help you manage your life effectively.
How to read the report
A diabetes lab report outlines critical aspects of the patient’s diagnosis, including blood sugar levels, Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and cholesterol levels. It is essential to note the normal ranges for these results to understand whether they are within acceptable levels or not.
Blood sugar levels
Blood sugar levels indicate how much glucose is circulating in the bloodstream. When we eat, the body breaks down food into glucose and insulin transports it into cells to provide energy. But when you have diabetes, the body cannot regulate blood sugar effectively, resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood.
The normal blood sugar level for a fasting person should be between 70-100 mg/dL. If your level goes beyond this range, it may indicate the presence of diabetes. Higher blood sugar levels mean that your cells are not using insulin effectively, and insulin the hormone responsible for transporting glucose to cells is not working well.
Hemoglobin A1C
Hemoglobin A1C or HbA1C is a type of hemoglobin that attaches to glucose in the blood. The more glucose there is in the blood, the more the hemoglobin molecules can attach to it. The HbA1C test shows how much glucose is bound to hemoglobin in your blood over the last three months, which indicates your average blood sugar level during that period.
The HbA1C range for a non-diabetic person is between 4% and 5.6%. For a person with diabetes, the ideal HbA1C level recommended is less than 7%. A higher percentage indicates poorly controlled blood sugar levels.
Cholesterol levels
Cholesterol is a type of fat that is transported through the bloodstream. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to blockages in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease, a complication commonly found in people with diabetes.
There are two types of cholesterol; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides. The ideal LDL level is between less than 100 mg/dL, while an HDL level of 60mg/dL helps lower the risk of heart disease. A high level of triglycerides can increase the risk of stroke, and the level should be less than 150 mg/dL.
The bottom line
Managing diabetes includes taking medication, lifestyle changes, and closely monitoring blood sugar levels through laboratory tests. It’s essential to keep up with your lab reports and have a good understanding of what your numbers mean in terms of overall health. With the right management plan, you can minimize the risk of stroke and other complications associated with diabetes and live life to the fullest.
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